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KMID : 1161520150190030194
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Animal Cells and Systems
2015 Volume.19 No. 3 p.194 ~ p.200
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Fermented bitter gourd extract differentially regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine gene expression through nuclear factor-κB and interferon regulatory factor-1
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Jang Seok-Won
Lim Su-Geun
Lee Dong-Sub
Suk Kyoung-Ho
Lee Won-Ha
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Abstract
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Bitter gourd is the fruit of a tropical vine in Asia, Africa, and South America where it is commonly used in traditional medicine. Our study tested the effects of a fermented extract of the bitter gourd on the inflammatory activities of the human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1. Treatment with the extract resulted in the suppression of phagocytic as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced adhesion activity. Interestingly, the LPS-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was suppressed by the extract while the expression of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) was upregulated. The extract inhibited the LPS-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), both of which are well known to be required for the expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α. In contrast, the expression of interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 1, a transcription factor involved in the expression of IL-8, but not TNF-α, was enhanced by the extract. Suppression of IRF-1 expression resulted in the elimination of the extract's interleukin-8 (IL-8) enhancing effect. These results indicate that the fermented bitter gourd extract has general anti-inflammatory effects, with a differential effect on the expression of cytokines through modulation of NF-κB and IRF-1 activities.
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KEYWORD
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bitter gourd, macrophages, cytokine, signaling, LPS
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